Political Regimes and Development Outcomes: A Comparative Analysis of One-Party, Multiparty, and Dominant-Party Systems
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Resumen
Este estudio examina la relación entre los regímenes políticos y los resultados de desarrollo comparando sistemas unipartidistas, multipartidistas y de partido dominante en 14 países: Angola, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Kenia, Malawi, Mozambique, Ruanda, Tanzania, Vietnam y Zambia. El estudio utiliza un conjunto de indicadores económicos, de gobernanza y de salud para explorar cómo los tipos de régimen se asocian con las variaciones en el desempeño del desarrollo. Los hallazgos sugieren que los sistemas unipartidistas tienden a mostrar un mejor desempeño económico y resultados de salud, pero se asocian sistemáticamente con menores libertades políticas. Los sistemas multipartidistas tienen un desempeño relativamente mejor en los indicadores de gobernanza, pero muestran una menor eficiencia económica. Los sistemas de partido dominante presentan resultados dispares, caracterizados por ambigüedad institucional, mayores riesgos de corrupción y peores resultados en materia de salud, a pesar de tener niveles comparativamente más altos de inversión extranjera directa. Los resultados de regresión y ANOVA indican que la calidad de la gobernanza, en particular la eficacia del gobierno y el control de la corrupción, influye significativamente en la esperanza de vida. En cambio, la inversión extranjera directa muestra una asociación modesta con el crecimiento del PIB. El estudio concluye que ningún régimen político es inherentemente superior. Más bien, los resultados de desarrollo se ven influenciados por la capacidad institucional, la coherencia de las políticas y la gobernanza inclusiva. Estos hallazgos ofrecen perspectivas relevantes para la formulación de políticas que permiten alinear las reformas de gobernanza alineadas con los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible.
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